Global Market Overview – March 2023
“There are decades where nothing happens; and there are weeks where decades happen”
- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Back when Lenin said this in the early 20th century, I don’t think he had any idea about Silicon Valley Bank or Credit Suisse merging with UBS in 100 years’ time, but the message fits the past month (and past quarter) to a tee.
In isolation, the whole Credit Suisse situation feels a bit like a butterfly causing a hurricane, with SVB being the butterfly and Swiss banks being the ones caught up in the hurricane. In reality, a lot has been going on for far longer than just the month of March that resulted in the recent banking scares.
For example, here’s the list of scandals which Credit Suisse has found itself navigating over the last few years:
In 2018, Patrice Lescaudron, a former CS banker, was sentenced to 5 years for forging client signatures to divert client money to make stock bets resulting in $150 million in losses
• In 2018, CS paid $47 million to US authorities over a ‘corruption scheme’ where the bank tried to win business by offering jobs to family and friends of Chinese officials
• In 2019, the bank was involved in a corporate espionage scandal and admitted to hiring private detectives to track two outgoing executives. A further five cases of this were found upon further investigation
• In 2020, an indictment against CS was issued for not running proper checks on clients as a Bulgarian drug ring laundered around $150 million through the bank’s accounts between 2004 and 2008
• In 2021, CS lost $5.5 billion on account of its exposure to the Archegos Capital Management hedge fund
• In 2021, CS suspended $10 billion of investor funds due to exposure to loans from collapsed supply-chain lender, Greensill
• In 2021, CS was fined £350 million to pay for their long-term involvement in Mozambique’s “tuna bond” bribery scandal, which played a significant part in pushing the country into a financial crisis
All of this resulted in Credit Suisse being the one to watch out of the big global banks. Pile on top of this the fact that Credit Suisse wasn’t profitable in 2022, and you have yourself a bank with more than a few reputational wrinkles. As a bank, reputation is everything. As Walter Bagehot said once, “Every banker knows that if he has to prove that he is worthy of credit, however good may be his arguments, in fact his credit is gone”.
Fast forward to March, and more straws get loaded onto Credit Suisse’s already reputationally weary back. ‘Material Weaknesses’ were found in the banks reporting, and then Saudi National Bank, Credit Suisse’s top investor, announced that it would not be providing any more cash. It was at this point that the banks shares really went into freefall and Swiss authorities realised that they needed to do something.
Swiss Authorities stepped in, and Credit Suisse announced that it would borrow 54 billion Francs from the Swiss National Bank. After an initial share price pop, it became clear that this was not going to be enough, and the Swiss government brokered a deal whereby UBS would buy Credit Suisse for $3.2 billion. The bank founded over 160 years ago is no more. In America, something seemingly pretty detatched from Europe had been going on in the months running up to the UBS/Credit Suisse deal. Here’s a potted version of what went on and why:
A highly specialised US bank mismanaging its balance sheet risk shouldn’t be too related to a Swiss bank with a bad reputation, but it’s possible that the fear SVB’s collapse caused was contagious.
Just prior to the forced deal, Credit Suisse looked a long way from default judging by most metrics analysts look at – it was an A-rated issuer! And it’s impossible to say for sure whether the Credit Suisse situation would have happened if this hadn’t gone on in America, but if you put enough straws on any animal’s back, whether it be a mouse, camel, or elephant, it will eventually break.
Core Views
Over the next twelve months, we think markets will generally move sideways with volatility. In this environment, it is important to rely on a stable identity. Economic uncertainty creates fear and investor sentiment tends to overreact to economic turning points. Going forward, we believe that:
• Inflation will come down. Goods inflation is slowly normalising, and supply chain pressures are easing.
• Central banks are getting close to the end of their hiking cycles, but there is still a bit more work to do.
• A US recession is highly likely. Most leading indicators point towards a recession, but the recession shouldn’t be too long or deep.
Source: 7IM
And so, investors are starting to worry about what’s next for financial markets. Economic data isn’t likely to stabilise until next year, so ‘sideways with volatility’ is the most likely scenario for the next few months.
Summary
Investors should try to focus on the fact that investing in the stock market over the long term, is a powerful tool to preserve the purchasing power of their wealth and on ensuring that they have an appropriate asset allocation for the level of risk with which they feel comfortable. A disciplined approach to asset allocation and identifying good active managers who can navigate these conditions successfully remains of the utmost importance.
March 2023
With thanks to Seven Investment Management LLP for their views and market thoughts. RiverPeak Wealth Limited